PhD (Animal Science) (1994; University of Pretoria, South Africa); MSc Agric (Animal Science: Meat science) (cum laude)(1992; University of Pretoria, South Africa); BSc Agric Hons (Animal Science)(cum laude)(1989; University of Pretoria, South Africa); BSc Agric (Animal Science) (1988; University of Pretoria, South Africa); Postdoc (University of Ghent, Belgium)